Category Archives: Entrepreneurship

Gen Z Entrepreneurship: Influencing or Innovating?

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As we move deeper into the 21st century, Generation Z is emerging as a force to be reckoned with in the world of entrepreneurship. Born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, Gen Zers are redefining the future of work, balancing traditional jobs with side hustles, and actively building their own businesses.

The Rise of the Creator Economy

One of the key elements of Gen Z entrepreneurship is the rise of the creator economy. Influencers and content creators have become a dominant force, leveraging their online presence to build successful businesses. CBS News reports that 86% of young Americans aspire to become social media influencers, to as it offers earning potential far beyond traditional paths.

Kylie Jenner, for example, became the youngest self-made billionaire thanks to her successful beauty brand, Kylie Cosmetics. Gen Z entrepreneurs understand the importance of authenticity and have cultivated strong relationships with their audiences, providing them with a unique advantage when building businesses.

Gen Z’s affinity for the digital world is a driving force behind their success. They are digital natives who have grown up with social media, which allows them to easily navigate the online landscape. This has helped them build personal brands and monetize their influence through partnerships, sponsored content, and merchandise sales – The Social Standard and Go Daddy both share profiles of Gen Z entrepreneurs who have made it big as influencers and creators.

However, in my view, being an influencer alone is not enough to create real innovation. I believe the focus on personal branding and the rapid pace of content creation is limiting the depth of exploration into entrepreneurial ventures that address pressing global challenges.

What Sets Gen Z Apart?

Gen Z views entrepreneurship differently than past generations. For one thing, the entrepreneurial landscape has changed, with lower barriers to entry for starting a business, and different views on what is important. Business Insider discusses some of these differences, including:

  • Ease of Starting a Business: Thanks to accessible technology and platforms like Shopify, starting a business has never been easier. What once took months and significant capital to launch can now be accomplished in a matter of days.
  • Data-Driven Decision-Making: Gen Z entrepreneurs utilize data analysis tools to make informed decisions about their businesses. This helps them streamline operations and focus on the big picture.
  • Personal Branding: The concept of personal branding is a strategic necessity for many of this generation’s startups. Gen Zers understand the importance of building a strong personal brand to attract opportunities and partnerships.
  • Acceptance of Differences: Gen Z values inclusivity and diversity, which informs their approach to business and innovation.
  • Kinder, More Socially Responsible Entrepreneurs: Gen Z entrepreneurs are concerned about social issues, the environment, and helping their communities.

The Side Hustle becomes a Necessity

While Gen Z entrepreneurs have numerous advantages, they also face challenges. Many young people juggle multiple side hustles due to financial pressures and the desire for control over their time. This can lead to burnout and the need for balance.

In today’s economy, many Gen Zers feel that a side hustle is necessary for their generation to afford the lifestyle that their parents have attained. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that the number of people working multiple full-time jobs has trended up in recent years and hit an all-time high in August 2022, with Gen Z leading the way. A survey by Paychex found that about half of Gen Z are employed at two or more places, as compared with other generations.

Deloitte’s 2022 Gen Z and Millennial Survey found that a third of Gen Z respondents worry about the cost of living above all other concerns, 45% live paycheck-to-paycheck, and more than a quarter said they doubt they’ll retire comfortably. And a Freddie Mac survey found that about 34% of responding Gen Zers said they didn’t think they’d ever be able to afford to buy a house.

Often the side hustle becomes a main hustle, creating necessity-based entrepreneurs versus innovation-based entrepreneurs. In fact, McKinsey postulates that in this economy—in which Gen Z faces higher-than-average inflation, student debt, credit card debt, and high housing costs—Gen Zers are actually looking for nothing more than relatively stable paychecks (rather than chasing the side hustle).

Can Gen Z Change the World?

The big question remains: Can Gen Z entrepreneurs change the world? If the current trends continue, Gen Z’s pursuit of entrepreneurship could lead to tremendous growth and innovation. They have the potential to create disruptor-type companies that challenge traditional industries and bring fresh perspectives to long-standing problems.

However, business failure rates remain high with 50% of small businesses failing within five years according to the Small Business Administration, and not all ventures will succeed. Nevertheless, Gen Z’s ability to adapt, innovate, and leverage digital tools gives them a fighting chance.

Let’s look at the type of innovative ideas that are coming out of places like MIT, and how these startup success stories can influence the upcoming generation of entrepreneurs.

Innovation-based Startups

In my former role as the Executive Director of MIT’s Martin Trust Center for Entrepreneurship, I was very fortunate to work closely with some of the smartest young entrepreneurs in the world.

I saw firsthand how innovation-based startups can succeed with access to proven frameworks, mentorship, and resources that support building impactful ventures. By guiding students from ideation to execution, the center helps transform groundbreaking ideas into successful startups that can address significant global challenges.

Here are a few of the innovation-based startups that I personally worked with as they made their way through delta v – MIT’s capstone program for entrepreneurship.

  • Biobot Analytics analyzes sewage with molecular technologies and AI to provide early warning of population health threats across the globe.
  • Podimetrics develops medical technologies such as the SmartMat, which helps monitor foot health in diabetic patients to prevent complications like foot ulcers.
  • Ori has invented an entirely new type of apartment—one that radically improves the resident experience in smaller spaces by using sophisticated engineering and design.
  • Infinite Cooling’s mission is to develop the cooling tower of the future. They help industrial plants have safer, more reliable, and more sustainable cooling towers by optimizing thermal performance and eliminating cooling tower plumes.​
  • Bloomer Tech focuses on developing smart wearable technology specifically designed for women’s health, such as bras with embedded sensors to monitor heart health.

Innovation-based startups focus on solving significant global challenges through advanced technology and research. These startups prioritize creating groundbreaking solutions to complex problems in health, environment, and other critical fields.

In contrast, entrepreneurial ventures centered around influencers and content creators often revolve around personal branding and monetizing online presence through partnerships and merchandise sales. While both types of entrepreneurship involve creativity and a desire to succeed, innovation-based startups typically involve deep research and development, long-term planning, venture capital fundraising, and a focus on sustainable impact, whereas influencer ventures are often more focused on immediate audience engagement and revenue generation.

As we look to the future, one thing is clear: Generation Z is not content with the status quo. They are ready to take on the world. And, although not every entrepreneur can attend programs like those offered at MIT, I urge today’s generation of entrepreneurs to aim high. Use the resources you have – whether it is taking classes, reading books and articles, finding a mentor, or working with an entrepreneurship coach – and use this information to explore the difference you can make in the world.

From Dream to Reality: How Women Can Thrive as Entrepreneurs

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International Women’s Day is an occasion to shine a spotlight on gender equity issues around the world. When women embrace entrepreneurship, they can expand opportunities to forge their own path and reap the economic rewards. If you’ve thought about starting your own business – even part-time or as a side hustle – there is a supportive community to help you explore this option.

The theme of this year’s International Women’s Day (#IWD2024) is to Inspire Inclusion (#InspireInclusion). As explained on the IWD site, when we inspire others to understand and value women’s inclusion, we help to build a better world. And when women themselves are inspired to be included, there’s a sense of belonging, relevance, and empowerment.

One of the ways organizations and groups can inspire inclusion is through action in building women’s economic empowerment. According to Equality Now, full and equal economic participation by women would increase global GDP by more than a quarter, representing nearly $28 trillion of additional shared wealth being contributed to the worldwide economy every year.

Women Entrepreneurs by the Numbers

Women entrepreneurs are a force to be reckoned with. Here’s an excellent list of recent statistics on women entrepreneurs compiled by Luisa Zhou, some of which I’ve highlighted below:

  • 42% of all U.S. businesses are owned by women
  • Women-owned businesses have grown 114% in the last two decades
  • Startups with all-women teams only received 1.9% of venture capital funding
  • About half of all startups in the U.S. are founded by women
  • One-third of businesses worldwide are owned by women
  • Lower-income countries have the highest participation (55.6%) of young female entrepreneurs

Interestingly, one in six women globally reported an intention to start a business in the near future. The highest entrepreneurial intention rates were observed in low-income countries, where approximately 28% of women expressed intentions to start a business. For these women, entrepreneurship is a way to change their life circumstances.

Why do Women Start their own Businesses?

Among all entrepreneurs, there are various reasons why someone decides to start their own business. At MIT, I worked with many women-led startups and the reasons are often connected to a passion or an experience in the founder’s life. Alicia Cong Rodriguez’ grandmother died of a heart attack when she was only 13 years old. This fueled her personal mission to co-found Bloomer Tech, a company that makes a bra that monitors women’s heart health, as she explains in this CBS News profile.

Yet, worldwide, more than 70% of women reported job scarcity as the motive behind their startups, according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Women’s Entrepreneurship report ‘22/’23. It is interesting to note the differences between necessity-based entrepreneurs and innovation-based entrepreneurs. Women and minority entrepreneurs are often necessity-based entrepreneurs – starting their own business after losing a job, to supplement their income, or to gain flexibility to attend to other demands in their lives. This doesn’t take anything away from their entrepreneurship. In fact, in addition to economic gain, necessity-based entrepreneurs are often motivated when traditional labor options are insufficient to meet their needs and goals.

How to Explore Entrepreneurship

If you’re considering becoming an entrepreneur, now might be the perfect time to explore opportunities – even for an entrepreneurial side hustle. You don’t necessarily have to leave your current job (and regular paycheck and benefits) just yet, but taking some time to delve into entrepreneurship can be immensely rewarding. Start by conducting research and testing the waters to gauge the viability of your business idea.

Fortunately, there are a wealth of resources available within the entrepreneurial community to support you, including networks specifically geared towards women in business. Look into organizations and programs designed to assist female entrepreneurs, such as Women’s Business Centers (part of the U.S. Small Business Administration). Additionally, take advantage of events and workshops hosted by colleges and universities, where you can connect with fellow entrepreneurs and gain valuable insights from experienced speakers.

Conferences serve as vibrant hubs for entrepreneurs to connect with like-minded individuals. When selecting a conference to attend, you could choose one that may be geared toward entrepreneurs, or it could be focused on the industry where you want to start your business. After attending an event, are you thinking, “I could do that!”? By immersing yourself in the conference environment and connecting with others who share your vision, you can enrich your entrepreneurial journey and expand your network of supportive peers and mentors.

LinkedIn is also an invaluable tool for entrepreneurs. Take advantage of its vast network to connect with other entrepreneurs in your industry. Don’t hesitate to reach out and request an informational interview. Use this opportunity to gain insights into an entrepreneur’s journey – ask about how they got started, the challenges they faced, and any advice they have for breaking into the field.

Resources for Women Entrepreneurs around the Globe

Download the ebook

One place to start researching entrepreneurial opportunities is with the ebook I created titled, “An Introduction to Start-up Accelerator Programs around the World,” a free guide for entrepreneurs who may be exploring ways to start their own businesses, especially in countries outside the U.S.

I’ve found that diversity, thought leadership, and collaboration all work together to make the ecosystem of entrepreneurs a much richer place. To that end, this ebook includes information about entrepreneurship around the world to show how different countries support their entrepreneurs with various programs and accelerators.

Boston-area Resources for Women Entrepreneurs

Closer to home, I’ve also included a list of local resources. Boston and Cambridge are renown for some of the world’s most prestigious universities and they support the Boston area’s unique entrepreneurial DNA for success. MIT even offers a free online course on Becoming an Entrepreneur.

Here are several resources and organizations in the Boston and Cambridge area. For other regional areas, search online to find local resources. 

The key message here is that you’re not alone on this journey – there are people and resources ready to support and guide you as you explore the world of entrepreneurship. So, take that first step, and embrace the possibilities that lie ahead!

In my current role as an entrepreneurship consultant and coach, I help entrepreneurs as they explore their options. Please feel free to reach out.

An Inside View: MIT’s Intense, Week-long Entrepreneurship Development Program

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MIT beaver mascot

#MITEDP … IYKYK

OK, enough with the acronyms! But MIT’s Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP) is one of those experiences that has that aura of “if you know, you know.”

It’s a week-long intensive entrepreneurship program run by MIT Sloan Executive Education, and this year MIT EDP included 76 participants representing 19 countries and 6 continents – and the individuals who attend become raving fans. This program is designed for aspiring entrepreneurs, corporate venture officers, startups, and those who would like to develop or strengthen a climate of entrepreneurship in their corporations, universities, and regions.

The entrepreneurial spirit runs high during the week. The days (and nights) are long as the teams of five to eight people create a tight bond while working together to create, identify, and evaluate new venture opportunities. Participants regularly describe MIT EDP as inspiring, enlightening, and even life changing. Here are a few comments posted on LinkedIn by this year’s attendees:

  • “An intense deep-dive into disciplined entrepreneurship and venture creation … Lots (!) of pivots, iterations and learnings from our primary market research led us to pitching a SaaS company focused on maximising athlete performance – not the idea we started with and far removed from my biotech day job, but I loved it! Lots of laughs along the way made for a great team spirit and an unforgettable experience. Now time to take the MIT mindset, energy and everything I’ve learned and apply it to mycoBiologics.”
    Fiona Rudkin, mycoBiologics Co-Founder and Managing Director
  • “I am honoured to return to MIT Sloan Executive Education alongside a cohort of ambitious entrepreneurs and founders on a mission to improve the world by accelerating high-growth businesses and creating high-skill jobs for the future.”
    Luis Ibarra, Founder & CEO at eCERTO

  • “When we arrived on day one, we were promised ‘the real thing.’ I nodded politely; it sounded an incredibly American thing to say. Having experienced it however, there’s something quite indescribable about being there … You talk about energy amplification, my Scottish friends will think I’ve gone all American on them, but I struggle to think of a better way of describing it.”
    Andrew Smith, Technical Director, distilling and cask management

  • “Let’s have an impact and solve the big world’s problems through entrepreneurship. Creativity is contagious! The world needs entrepreneurship!”
    David Desplaces, Director, VTLI at The Citadel

This year, my role at MIT EDP was as one of the judges, viewing the program from a different perspective than I have in the past. For three years, I was an instructor and facilitator for the Entrepreneurship Development Program, and it was always refreshing to work with seasoned professionals who are used to delivering results and can bring their life experiences to this program. (Here’s my post from 2020 which discusses some of the details of MIT EDP and its impact.)

My view as a judge was a bit different. Usually, I am involved in sausage making, this time, I was in a position to see how the finished sausage turned out. To take the analogy further, as a connoisseur versus a chef, I appreciated the outcomes of the continual learning process even more.

My perspective as an MIT EDP judge was framed by my own recent entrepreneurial experience. For the past year, I have been running a coaching business focused on energy leadership coaching. Although my prior experience includes navigating two startups through to IPOs, teaching Eship classes at MIT, and serving as director of delta v (MIT’s capstone program for entrepreneurship), applying the lessons of MIT EDP to your own business brings it all into sharp focus.

This time, I pressed a bit deeper to see how the teams thought about their businesses. If they were going to start with an idea, did they apply the key concepts of Disciplined Entrepreneurship to that idea? For example: Who are the first 10 beachhead customers you are going to target? Have you considered the burdened salaries of the team of engineers you are planning to hire? Does this technical solution deliver enough added value for customers over existing approaches to solve the problem?

In the course, the process of learning a concept, applying it, and reinforcing it through coaching is designed to simulate the experience of a startup company seeking funding. As participants are taught in the course, the judges want to understand the assumptions the groups made, and these teams were well prepared by the end of the week. A key concept that I use in energy coaching is “how you show up matters,” and these teams showed up with their best energy.

The final day of MIT EDP culminates in a competition that reflects the MIT “mens et manus” (mind and hand) approach to learning by providing both the theory and reinforcing it with the practical. Ideas in the competition ranged from Urgent Care AI to creating a plug for casks to monitor volume – the ideas were terrific, as was the demonstration in applying the concepts. A dozen teams competed with a 10-minute pitch and a 10-minute Q&A session in the first round. This was then narrowed down to four finalists. I’m not going to call out the winner here, because the stakes aren’t high, and I truly believe that winning is in learning and applying the process with a team you met less than a week before. (But, the lucky winners did get autographed galley copies of new entrepreneurship books from Paul Cheek and Bill Aulet.)

The MIT EDP program fosters entrepreneurial skills and an entrepreneurial mindset among participants, but the lessons apply across the board. Corporate leaders often need to be immersed in an experience where you are learning and applying new ideas in a team with people you just met. The EDP experience made me think of how this intense, immersive type of experience would be ideal for onboarding new employees, helping teams to gel faster, and accepting newer players and their ideas.

So, whether you had the opportunity to attend MIT EDP or not, I encourage you to take the plunge and be open to new experiences. Create a space where you can identify new opportunities, experience different ways to work, learn new skills, and embrace your passions.

If you’re an entrepreneur or corporate leader, and would like to learn more about how energy leadership coaching can help you to recognize your unique energy and harness it to lead more effectively, please reach out.

I hold coaching certifications from both iPEC and ICF.

The Second Lieutenant Advantage: Embracing Collaboration in Entrepreneurship

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Not everyone aspires to be the leader. Some individuals find genuine fulfillment in supporting their teams — stepping into the limelight when necessary, and gracefully stepping back when it’s time for others to shine. In the fast-paced world of entrepreneurship, where the prevailing stereotype often emphasizes the leader persona, there is immense value in fostering a collaborative environment where everyone’s contributions are recognized.

The Happiness in the Shadows

For some, the limelight can be daunting. I, for one, appreciate having my moments but find satisfaction in letting others take center stage. It’s not about avoiding responsibility or lacking ambition; it’s about finding happiness, acceptance, and humility in being part of a team where everyone’s efforts contribute to the collective success.

When I watched the CBS News video, “Sidemen, Backups, and Understudies: Playing in the Shadows,” it really resonated with me. I encourage you to take a few minutes and watch it. The segment features Mark Rivera, Billy Joel’s sideman and saxophone player; retired baseball catcher Erik Kratz, who spent 11 seasons with 14 different major league organizations; and Kayla Pecchioni, a Broadway understudy who often steps into the shoes of the star. These professionals play in the background or are called up when the stars aren’t available — and they all embrace their position as #2.

These very accomplished individuals understand the importance of their role and talent and a humility that allows them to shine even when they’re not number one. One thing that stood out to me was their “team first” attitude. They work just as hard as the superstars to be the best that they can be for the team.

Rivera explains he’s been the frontman, and he feels he has a much better gig now. Katz comments that the lesson is about finding contentment built on a foundation of humility and gratitude. While Pecchioni talks about looking for glimmers and being appreciative of the everyday. While we may not know their names, these team players help ensure their organizations are successful.

The Desire to Belong

In today’s entrepreneurial landscape, people are increasingly seeking to be part of something bigger than themselves. While not everyone can, or wants to, assume a leadership role, we are more dependent than ever on individuals who can step up when needed. However, it’s crucial to do a better job of recognizing and appreciating these contributors beyond just the top leadership echelon.

Entrepreneur magazine advises how leaders can foster a sense of belonging in the workplace, and how this helps employees feel free to be their authentic, true selves, which makes it easier to show up, engage with others, create solutions, and perform well.

In a study cited in the article, a high sense of belonging among employees was strongly linked with a 56% increase in job performance, a 50% decrease in risk of leaving, and a 75% reduction in sick days. For a company of 10,000 people, this could mean annual savings of more than $52 million.

Social belonging is a fundamental need. Entrepreneurial leaders need to remind themselves that the hard-working team members who may be playing in the shadows need to feel included, and as leaders, they should proactively create a workplace of belonging for everyone.

Creating a Culture of Recognition

Not everyone can be a general; not everyone can be a second lieutenant. However, everyone can be recognized for their unique contributions. The key lies in acknowledging the diverse roles within a team and ensuring that each person’s efforts are valued.

When I worked as the executive director of MIT’s Martin Trust Center for Entrepreneurship, I was involved in almost every aspect of the Trust Center and the delta v accelerator, which is the capstone entrepreneurial experience for students at MIT. However, although I was not the face of theCenter or the program, I was the “glue” that held it together. For me, this was a role I preferred, and it gave me the opportunity to make the team and the delta v program shine.

I also played a similar “second lieutenant” role at startups that I helped to grow. I realized that providing direction and support, and letting others lead when necessary, yielded better results than anyone had projected.

Being “on” all the time can be exhausting for some of us. By surrounding ourselves with a collaborative team, we not only get to experience our moments of success but also share in the success of others. This sense of camaraderie builds a strong team spirit and reinforces the notion that everyone is supported. However, the leaders in the organization must recognize all the behind-the-scenes people that are essential to their success.

Balancing Ambition and Contentment to Gain a Sense of Fulfillment

Many individuals today seek better balance in their lives. It’s not a lack of ambition or a fear of challenges; rather, it’s a conscious choice to find happiness in what they do and contribute to a collaborative effort. Recognizing and motivating teams is now more critical than ever, especially in a hybrid work environment where face-to-face workplace connections are not as strong since daily interactions may be limited.

A sense of fulfillment at work goes beyond a mere paycheck. It’s about having the opportunity to step into the limelight, share achievements with the team, and then step back and continue contributing. A culture of mutual respect, where individuals rotate in and out of the spotlight, fosters a positive and supportive work environment.

Another interesting perspective is to look at how different generations view leadership and management positions. According to an article in Business Insider, many Gen Zers are saying “no thanks” to promotions because they feel that doing more work to get promoted is not worth the pay or the accompanying stress.

Work-life balance has become a bigger part of the conversation for this newest generation in the workforce, and bosses need to think about what other incentives might entice Gen Z (born from 1997 onward). Meaningful work, career development, mentorship, transparency, caring leadership, and an entrepreneurial culture are all factors that may motivate Gen Zers more than a bigger paycheck or a promotion.

In any generation, embracing the concept of allowing oneself to learn from others is pivotal. Observing and enabling the growth of team members allows for collective progress. It’s about moving away from the notion that everyone should constantly be climbing the corporate ladder and, instead, recognizing the potential for growth within the existing environment.

Conclusion

In the ever-evolving landscape of entrepreneurship, it’s time to break free from the misconception that success is synonymous with leadership. The strength of being a second lieutenant lies in recognizing the power of collaboration, appreciating diverse contributions, and fostering a culture where everyone can shine. In the hybrid world of work, where connections are not as visible, creating an environment that values every individual’s role is not just a strategic move; it’s a necessity for sustained success.

Finding Glimmers: How Entrepreneurs can Reframe and Reset with Small Moments of Joy

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Think about the last time you saw the sky turn brilliant orange as you caught an unexpected glimpse of the sunset. Or maybe you smelled fresh brewed coffee when you came in from a brisk walk. Or patted a furry friend contentedly. These are all examples of “glimmers” – tiny, positive moments that have the potential to bring joy or happiness and promote mental well-being.

This use of the term was coined by Deb Dana, a licensed clinical social worker who specializes in complex trauma, in her 2018 book “The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy.” According to the Polyvagal Theory, glimmers activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting a state of calm and relaxation. Glimmers are often described as the opposite of triggers – they are personal to each individual and can be experienced with any of the senses. They spark ease, relaxation, safety, and connection.

In the high-stakes world of entrepreneurship, where stress and anxiety are constant companions, these moments of calm can be a game-changer.

The Power of Glimmers

Entrepreneurs often face immense challenges, from financial pressures to the uncertainty of the market. As an entrepreneur, the demands and pressures of launching and running a business can become all-consuming and can take a toll on your mental health. Plus, the culture of entrepreneurship celebrates working round the clock and always putting your startup first. A founder’s self-identity is often tied to the success of their startup, and as a result, entrepreneurs often experience loneliness, depression, and anxiety as they experience the ups and downs of startup life.

As entrepreneurs strive for success, it’s helpful to recognize and embrace this concept of glimmers — and how those small, uplifting moments may be able to positively impact the well-being and mental health of entrepreneurs.

Glimmers and Entrepreneurship

Incorporating the concept of glimmers into the entrepreneurial journey can positively affect mental health, and even perhaps, business success. Yes, it’s true that a glimmer is just a small moment, but it can let you reframe and reset a situation you are going through, and that self-awareness is a critical skill for entrepreneurs to learn.

When I held the role of executive director of MIT’s Martin Trust Center for Entrepreneurship, I worked with MIT Sloan MBA alumna Kathleen Stetson to debut the Entrepreneurial Confidence and Communication (E.C.C.) program at M.I.T.’s delta v accelerator.

This was the first comprehensive program to address mental health challenges in the start-up community and is outlined in this article in HBR. Our goal was to teach student founders and their team members tools to build greater self-awareness. Stress is inevitable in start-ups, but by learning how to manage that stress, the entrepreneurs could make better choices for themselves and their start-ups.

We taught MIT student entrepreneurs the tools and benefits of self-awareness, and the results were impressive. After taking part in the program, 93% of participants felt that a self-awareness practice could help entrepreneurs create more successful businesses. By the end of the summer-long program, 88% of student entrepreneurs had independently established their own regular, weekly meditation or mindfulness practice (vs. 21% before the program), despite heavy workloads and continual critical deadlines. The data affirms that self-awareness tools are useful in managing stress — and they can be taught.

Building upon that foundation, I believe that finding glimmers and using those moments as a pause for reflection and self-awareness can create a positive mental health break for entrepreneurs that can be easily incorporated into their daily routine.

Recognizing and Cultivating Glimmers

To harness the benefits of glimmers, entrepreneurs must first recognize and appreciate these small moments of positivity. It could be a compliment from a colleague, hearing a favorite song, or enjoying a piece of chocolate. The key is to be mindful and intentional about acknowledging and savoring these positive experiences.

Create a routine that allows for the acknowledgment of glimmers – you may even want to jot it down or take a picture. Plus, the more you look for glimmers, the more you’ll find them due to frequency bias. Whether it’s starting the day with a gratitude journal or taking short breaks to appreciate achievements, these intentional practices can contribute to a more positive and resilient entrepreneurial mindset.

In an article in USA Today, Amy Morin, a licensed clinical social worker and editor-in-chief of Verywell Mind, explains, “A little joy and some relaxation can reduce your emotional distress. And when your emotions go down, your logic goes up. That means you might be able to tackle a problem from a different angle because you see things a little differently.” This is certainly a benefit that entrepreneurs should embrace.

Glimmers for Resilience

Resilience is a key trait for entrepreneurs navigating the complexities of business. Glimmers can play a role in fostering resilience by providing moments of joy, hope, and accomplishment. In times of stress, recalling these positive moments can serve as a powerful coping mechanism, helping entrepreneurs bounce back from challenges with renewed energy and determination.

Think about tying glimmers to mindfulness, or as a reminder to practice meditation or breathing exercises. All of these tools to promote self-awareness can help you reset, reframe, and build resilience.

Conclusion

In the dynamic world of entrepreneurship, prioritizing mental health is not just a personal choice but a strategic necessity – yet one that is often ignored and overlooked in the entrepreneurial win-at-all-costs culture. Glimmers offer a unique and effective way to infuse positivity into the entrepreneurial journey, contributing to improved mental well-being which can support an entrepreneur’s success.

As entrepreneurs embark on their ventures, it’s crucial to embrace the power of glimmers, recognizing them as small ways to capture joy, and strengthen a resilient and thriving entrepreneurial spirit. By fostering a positive mental health culture and incorporating intentional practices, entrepreneurs can navigate the challenges of the startup landscape with a renewed sense of purpose and well-being.

The infographic below, from Neurodiversity Education Academy, gives more detail about glimmers and triggers.

How Are You Showing Up? A Primer on Energy Leadership

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You bring your unique energy to how you show up each day – at home, at work, and generally in life.

This is especially important for leaders – both entrepreneurs running startups and managers leading teams in corporate enterprises. As a leader, you knowingly or unknowingly influence others, and this presents the opportunity to inspire and motivate your team.

This article will focus on Energy Leadership™, a concept I discussed in my presentation at the Association of Talent Development’s ATD ’23 conference on how to Think Like an Entrepreneur and Foster Creativity in Your Organization.

When you show up with your best energy, you can encourage your team to recognize and harness their own energy, feel a greater sense of purpose, and get more done with much less effort and stress. So, let’s delve into more detail on Energy Leadership.

Energy Leadership

“Energy is contagious; either you affect people or infect people,” says bestselling author and businessman, T. Harv Eker. When you realize how many people you interact with each day, you begin to realize how powerful your personal energy is.

The interesting thing about energy is that it can be both anabolic and catabolic. Both energy levels serve you daily, depending upon your lived experiences. Here is a brief overview of each:

  • Anabolic energy is associated with a constructive buildup force and less stress. With anabolic energy, it is easier to focus on solutions and tap creativity and experience for a complete and conscious view of situations. People have more access to this energy, with less judgment and less fear about themselves or situations – anabolic energy is essentially constructive, fueling, healing, and growth oriented. A leader with anabolic energy is collaborative, fuels creativity and productivity.
  • Catabolic energy, on the other hand, tends to distract you and pull your focus away from what you are doing. It is typically draining, resisting, and contracting energy. Yet, it serves the important purpose of self-protection, especially when experiencing uncomfortable situations. A leader with catabolic energy can use this energy in a time crunch or dangerous situations to address a particular situation. However, catabolic energy can be depleting and stress levels raised so the longer term effects are not positive. Think of it as being in continual fight or flight mode. 

In practice, a catabolic leader and anabolic leader may look like the following:

Neither type of energy is good nor bad, but an ambidextrous leader can adapt to the situation to create a better result.

The first step is to understand your personal Energy Leadership profile. This is done through an attitudinal assessment and can be used as a starting point to uncover how your energy can be harnessed to reach your goals and help you to lead more effectively.

So, how do you assess your current Energy Leadership?

The Energy Leadership Index (ELI) assessment tool, developed by the Institute for Professional Excellence in Coaching (iPEC) measures your unique energy profile. Through a series of 84 questions, the ELI reveals the percentage of each energy level you experience under normal circumstances and how your energy manifests under stress.

The 7 Levels of Energy

There are seven energy levels, each with a thought, emotion, and action attached.   Daily, you may operate on just a couple of levels or many, but this tool focuses on understanding where you are. 

Your individual results of the ELI assessment come in a sample like the chart below. This represents your average energy presentation under normal circumstances and under stress.

Everyone has a different ELI, which uniquely reflects their lived experiences. Through the debrief with an ELI Practitioner, you bring an awareness of how you show up. In the debrief, you go through your particular energy levels and find experiences that serve you well and others that do not. The tool’s power is recognizing your level and the ability to change the level and gain a better experience. The ELI tool, which can be used with individuals or teams, has a low entry bar, and it could pay significant dividends for leaders.

New Working Styles Benefit from Energy Leadership

The new normal of remote, hybrid, and in-person working styles has brought challenges for leaders. We are currently at a crossroads where workers value the flexibility of work from home options, but in many companies, management is dictating a return to the office, or hybrid approach. This puts a lot of pressure on team leaders. As mentioned in a previous blog post, speaker, author, and facilitator Priya Parker talks about gathering with intention for meetings (or classes), along with bringing an energy that meets the needs of the situation. If you are responsible for gathering and communicating with your team, consider your intention and your energy; the benefits could be significant.

How skillfully can you lead daily? An Energy Leadership approach will identify where you can adjust to having more experiences that better serve you and your clients, and it extends beyond the realm of work to your family and loved ones as well.

In one of the sessions at ATD ‘23 by Zenger Folkman, it was discussed that with more experienced leaders, coachability decreases. (Yes, that says “Coachability” on the left axis, my camera skills attest to capturing this during a live session!)  Senior leaders have been through a lot of training and I suggest the ELI assessment as a tool that could provide new insights into how they are leading today.  

In summary, embracing Energy Leadership can inspire peak performance from individual employees and transform the culture of organizations. A key element to Energy Leadership is that we are all leaders, every day, in every area of our lives. Energy Leadership can help individuals skillfully lead when interacting with others.

Further reading: Should I work with an Energy Leadership Coach?

Learn more at https://www.energyleadership.com/ or reach out to me at patriciacotter76@gmail.com or pcotter@mit.edu

When Entrepreneurship and Antifragility Collide

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Think like an entrepreneur to cultivate creativity and innovation in your role.

As a learning and development (L&D) professional, you may not think of yourself as an entrepreneur, but embracing an entrepreneurial mindset can help you foster creativity and innovation in your organization. Understanding how you can encourage an antifragile approach to deal with internal forces as challenges arise within your company is essential. Connect that to how you show up in your job and how it affects both your own effectiveness as well as co-workers’ effectiveness.

What it is

The pursuit of entrepreneurship in the context of an existing organization is often called corporate entrepreneurship or intrapreneurship – whether it is a for-profit corporation, a not-for-profit organization, a government agency, or any other type of company.

Corporate entrepreneurship is a method used to develop new businesses, products, services, or processes inside of an existing organization to create value and generate new revenue growth through entrepreneurial thought and action. People who see themselves as corporate entrepreneurs are the engines of growth within a company; they are often corporate leaders or develop into leadership roles.

L&D professionals are well positioned to harness their intrinsic entrepreneurial skills to create value in their organizations given their roles entail working with both internal customers and a variety of other stakeholders. Further, the skills, knowledge, and ability L&D practitioners possess can help them solve corporate problems by thinking like an entrepreneur.

How it works

Here’s an example: The operations team at a small technology company in the data analytics space had a major problem – the startup competed against industry giants such as IBM. As the old saying goes, “Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM.” The team leader needed to figure out how the company could compete and get the attention of prospects to have them take the leap of faith to buy from a smaller, unproven vendor.

Operations team members assessed the skills, knowledge, and abilities in terms of how they could take an entrepreneurial approach to solve that problem. The team identified the company’s customers and their compelling needs. Because people were tired of waiting on hold and dealing with multiple customer service representatives who couldn’t solve their problems, the startup began taking a customer-centric approach. The team figured out that one way it could differentiate was by gearing all its operational decisions toward how to best serve the customer and provide an excellent customer experience.

The operations team simplified the process for the customer – from being able to always talk to a knowledgeable person to easy, one-page contracts – which helped the business succeed. As the company grew from a startup to a more established business, customers still valued and encouraged the founders’ entrepreneurial spirit and mindset. The happy ending to this story is that IBM acquired the company after seeing the value it provided to customers.

Guidelines

As corporate entrepreneurs start activating their ideas, they should aim small so that if they succeed, they can build on that success; if they miss, they may learn even more from that experience, which will help in the future.

Corporate entrepreneurs should also look to cultivate an antifragile mindset, a concept taken from Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s book Antifragile. His premise is that many things in life benefit from stress, disorder, volatility, and turmoil — they not only gain from chaos but need it to survive and flourish. To be antifragile, individuals must bend but be strong enough not to break.

In a talk by GE Ventures CEO Sue Siegel to entrepreneurs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she said, “The pace of change today is the slowest it will ever be.” People with an entrepreneurial and antifragile mindset can prepare themselves and their organizations for rapid change and disruption. They get stronger in the face of adversity.

Results

The outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship will be evident once individuals start thinking like an entrepreneur and moving forward with this mindset, which opens up a world of possibilities – such as IBM acquiring your startup business. Set a vision and create a team of people with credibility and a good understanding of the problem you are trying to solve.

One of the biggest obstacles is overcoming initial inertia. The do-nothing strategy tends to be easier for corporate employees than embracing change. To combat this, align yourself with employees who have a compelling reason to change, and educate them on how the new product or service or way of doing things will address their problem.

As Netflix co-founder Marc Randolph, states, “If you are unwilling to disrupt your business, there will always be someone willing to do it for you.” Demonstrate that you are able to stand in the storm and provide leadership as a change agent for your organization.

Checklist

  • What is the problem you are trying to solve? What benefits will it deliver to your customers?
  • Define the problem, quantify it. Can you do primary market research with open-ended questions to validate your hypothesis?
  • Come up with solutions. Does your solution solve a compelling need? Does it make monetary sense?
  • De-risk your solutions. How can these solutions be adopted by your prospects with a low risk to them?
  • Identify a team to help. Success is more likely when you are backed by a team. Entrepreneurship is not a solo sport!

Resources

Disciplined Entrepreneurship,Bill Aulet

Antifragile, Nassim Nicholas Taleb

An Introduction to Start-up Accelerators Around the World, Trish Cotter

Personal Branding and Marketing Yourself, Rita Balian Allen

About the authors

Patricia “Trish” Cotter is an entrepreneurship consultant and coach as well as a past director of MIT’s delta v student venture accelerator program;  patriciacotter76@gmail.com.

Rita Balian Allen is an executive coach focused on leadership development, management training and career development; rita@ritaballenassociates.com.

Note: This article is the property of ATD. It was published August 1, 2023 in TD Magazine:
https://www.td.org/magazines/td-magazine/when-entrepreneurship-and-antifragility-collide

What is Disciplined Entrepreneurship? A Short Overview for the Uninitiated.

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When I recently presented at the Association of Talent Development’s ATD ’23 conference, our session was focused on how to Think Like an Entrepreneur and Foster Creativity in Your Organization. This was geared to help learning & development (L&D) professionals take lessons from entrepreneurship and apply them to their organizations.

One of the topics that we touched upon was Disciplined Entrepreneurship. The Disciplined Entrepreneurship approach was such an important and ingrained part of the entrepreneurship program at MIT, that I had to step back and realize that this was new information to most of the ATD ’23 attendees. (In fact, I’m currently preparing materials to teach Disciplined Entrepreneurship content via a partnership between MIT and Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia.) 

Since I had a lot of follow up questions on Disciplined Entrepreneurship, I thought I’d give a little more background on the approach and how it works in this blog post. Disciplined Entrepreneurship – or DE as we like to call it – is an approach to help you think about how you start to get your product or service to move forward.

This methodology assists the start of an entrepreneurship journey, and Bill Aulet, Managing Director of The Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship, has documented this in his Disciplined Entrepreneurship book.  This is a great place to start if you are looking for an accessible and methodical approach to entrepreneurship. (Plus, the illustrations are fantastic!)

Source: Disciplined Entrepreneurship

The focus is that entrepreneurship can be broken down into 24 steps based on six themes. The discipline comes in by following these steps.

Six Major Themes of Entrepreneurship

As you’ll see in the DE map, the themes are color-coded. The six themes are:

  1. Who is your customer?
  2. What can you do for your customer?
  3. How does your customer acquire your product?
  4. How do you make money off your product?
  5. How do you design and test (prototype) your product? and
  6. How do you scale your business?

(This process does not include sales, sales tactics, marketing, raising capital, team building, etc. but if you are thinking about a venture this is a good place to start.)

De-Risking Your Venture

A disciplined approach focuses on de-risking the venture by understanding your customer’s needs and providing value, so they become paying customers. It will help you establish your business and understand how customers are going to find you (along with where you will find your customers). You also need to thoroughly understand how you will make money (renewals, add-ons, etc.).

The book takes you takes you through important steps that are often overlooked – like hypothesis testing and concept validation. It also talks about how you need to focus on designing a prototype or minimum viable product (MVP), as well as how you are going to scale.

People think it is risky to be an entrepreneur. Yet, as discussed in the ATD23 session, an entrepreneur is adaptable and willing to focus on a core group of customers to build the business rather than trying to be everything to everyone.

How do you start?

Start with the first theme—what problem are you solving and for whom? You need to move from concept through qualitative interviews (talk to humans), then quantitative research if required. Find a core group with a message that resonates and a problem you can solve; this is problem research.  

If you start with an open-ended question about what you do on a typical day? Ask open-ended questions (Tell me more? What about that product or service that is going well? What is not? etc.). There is a free e-book online called Talking to Humans by Giff Constable that can help with this. This is a process that continually refines and tests your hypotheses. Your primary market research (PMR) will help you understand your potential customers’ pain points.

Giff also has a book (another short read) called Testing with Humans.  At the end of the problem research, if customers didn’t mention the problem that you are building or providing a solution to, then move on to others, and if you can’t find your core, you may want to revisit your core assumptions.

Once you have a core that has the compelling problem then work with that set to review potential solutions. You then will move to what value they will achieve from your solution so you can gauge purchase intent.  

As you explore entrepreneurship further, make sure you are thinking from a global perspective. My ebook on Startup Accelerator Programs Around the World can help entrepreneurs find accelerator resources, with a focus outside the US.

This blog post presents a quick overview of Disciplined Entrepreneurship that gives a little more information that was possible in my session, but there are many resources for you to delve into further.  For those looking for ideas and ways to potentially introduce entrepreneurship ideas into their corporation, there is a short blog explaining the four models of corporate entrepreneurship and a more in-depth article from MIT on the four models.

More Entrepreneurship Resources

For further reading, viewing, or participation, here are some additional resources on entrepreneurship:

Four Highlights of the ATD’23 Conference

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In May, I traveled to San Diego to present at the Association of Talent Development’s ATD ’23 conference which featured over 250 sessions to educate and inspire professionals in the talent development field.

This is a terrific conference for Learning and Development (L&D) leaders to share insights, research, and best practices, and when my colleague Rita B. Allen, and I learned our presentation was accepted for the conference, we were thrilled. (Rita, author of Personal Branding and founder of Rita B. Allen Associates, has presented at the conference before and says only a small percentage of submitted presentations are accepted, so this was music to our ears.)

Our session, titled Think Like an Entrepreneur: Foster Creativity in Your Organization, aimed to help L&D professionals take lessons from entrepreneurship and apply them to their organizations. This is different from the audiences of entrepreneurs I usually present to. With this audience, there is an opportunity to bring some frameworks that might help foster the entrepreneurial mindset in their organizations or unleash their inner entrepreneur. For that, I am grateful for the opportunity.

Since this message is something that we’d like to share more widely, I’ll be writing blog posts on the elements of our presentation, including disciplined entrepreneurship, an antifragile and entrepreneurial mindset, and energy leadership. Before I dive into those topics, however, I’d like to share four highlights of the conference – and positive messages that I walked away with. These are not in any particular order, other than they build on each other. 

Adam Grant

If you’re not already a fan of Adam Grant, he is an organizational psychologist at Wharton, a best-selling author, and the host of the TED podcast WorkLife. If you don’t follow Adam on social media, I suggest you start – his practical advice on work/life balance is a breath of fresh air. Adam hosted the opening general session, titled Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don’t Know. He covered a lot of ground, but three things stood out from his keynote:  

  • Invitations into your network should be given to “disagreeable givers” — blunt people who aren’t afraid to tell you hard truths, but who also have your best interests at heart. An example for those familiar with the Ted Lasso TV series is Roy Kent.  
  • “Unlearning” often focuses on making room for new learning. This lets you address things you are doing that are not servicing you or others. Adam explains it takes courage to unlearn. Unlearning requires the integrity to admit that you were wrong yesterday. Learning is how you evolve. Unlearning is how you keep up as the world evolves.
  • As an entrepreneur, Adam also discussed scientific thinking and its impact on startups. Thinking more like a scientist, having the ability to pivot, individuals with the humility and curiosity to search for information all support entrepreneurship success.
Session capture by Lisa Rothstein

Priya Parker 

Facilitator, strategic advisor, and author Priya Parker presented on The Art of Gathering. Priya presented a new – at least new to me – way of thinking about how you hold meetings and gatherings. She spoke about how these gatherings should be intentional and benefit from setting expectations around the goals of the meeting, party, or gathering. The intent in the design is critical to ensure that both the host’s and guests’ experience is as intended. 

This made me think about how I am designing my summer entrepreneurship classes with MIT/Dalhousie with specific learning content. I do focus on the experience for the students, but the classes are much more focused on the content. This talk offered me a fresh look at hosting and attending events from now on, putting some boundaries around what is acceptable. It works best if you are super-specific about the intention of a meeting (or another event) and specify what you intend to accomplish. Priya recommends starting with a strong opening and closing as opposed to covering logistics. 

Session capture by Lisa Rothstein

Katrina Kennedy

Known to the training community as “the trainer’s trainer,” Katrina Kennedy’s session was titled It’s All About Retrieval and discussed the retrieval of information. She explained that retrieval is more than just recall; retrieval is accomplished in a way that you have context for the information. Learning needs to be varied, spaced, and interleaved. The retrieval practice needs to focus on learning. How many times have you re-read material several times and still not been able to recall the information when it is required?

Rita B. Allen, Katrina Kennedy, and Trish Cotter

Retrieval in practice is what we refer to as “use it or lose it.” If you want to play a piece of music and it is difficult to start, the struggle to learn to play it is actually a “desirable difficult” process that helps you solidify the learning. This isn’t about repetition. It is about spacing and breaking up the learning. In the classes I teach, I use breakouts to discuss further and debrief concepts as well as games to reinforce learning. Still, this retrieval discussion brought both the unlearning and learning of new ways of teaching and the intention to gather for a class together. The most memorable experiences will be those in which you have “desirable difficulty.”

University of Pennsylvania Chief Learning Officer Ed.D. Program

One personal highlight at the conference was the scholarly presentations of University of Pennsylvania Chief Learning Officer (CLO) doctorate graduates. I graduated from this program with an M.Ed. ’13 and Ed.D. ’14 and couldn’t be prouder! I wanted to give a shout out to these amazing presentations by my fellow Penn CLO grads:

  • Dr. Carol Henry (Implications for Practice: Behaviors and Competencies for Future Leadership Development Programs)
  • Dr. Jennifer Neumaier presented her dissertation: A Perspective Study on Cultural Conditions That Enable Social Learning.
  • Dr. Kandi Wiens, is a Senior Fellow and runs the master’s portion of the program at Penn, also presented the Ed.D. program and her research which will be out in her book due out next year, Burnout Immunity: How Emotional Intelligence Can Help You Build Resilience and Heal Your Relationship with Work. (Read her recent HBR article on Has Cynicism Infected Your Organization?)

If there was any concern that COVID slowed down the Penn CLO program, it was clear that this was not the case! Applications are up, the strength of diverse cohorts was showcased, and the quality of the research adding to the field of Learning and Development and other areas was on display at ATD ‘23.

In closing, post-COVID travel to a conference can often feel tougher than before, yet the amazing and energized professionals I met, and the concepts discussed at gatherings like this were worth the effort and can unexpectedly warm your heart.

A New Resource for Global Entrepreneurs

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In my mind, entrepreneurs are the “grittiest” types of people around – I’ve been one and I’ve taught entrepreneurship to hundreds of students through the entrepreneurship programs at MIT, including my five years as the director of MIT’s delta v student venture accelerator program, which launches student start-ups into the real world.

“The harder the challenge, the more it builds you up,” explains Leslie Feinzaig, founder and managing director of the Graham & Walker Venture Fund, when discussing the recent Silicon Valley Bank collapse. “The best entrepreneurs I know will face a hundred insurmountable obstacles – and come back for the 101st because they actively believe that with enough time and opportunity, they will come out victorious.”

If this is your mindset, my new ebook was written for you. It is a resource for entrepreneurs as they face challenges unique to start-up founders.

As more people become entrepreneurs, they claim ownership of their future and help to drive the economy of their own country – and potentially global economies as well. Start-up companies fuel world economies and have created a $6.4 trillion start-up economy.

Exploring Start-Up Accelerator Programs Worldwide

During the time I spent at the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship, I was fully immersed in a wide variety of innovative technologies and start-ups – including working with students who had come to MIT from all over the world. I also traveled to various countries to present and share our insights on entrepreneurship and to gain knowledge from programs abroad. And while there are many programs to support entrepreneurs in the United States, I realized that start-up founders from other countries have fewer resources available to guide them.

That planted a seed in my mind to create a guide for entrepreneurs who may be exploring ways to start their own businesses, especially in countries outside the U.S. In my current role as an entrepreneurship consultant and coach, I’ve taken on a project to develop this resource. I also hope this ebook serves as a resource for global accelerators, governments, and other stakeholders as well.

Global Venture Funding Activity

According to data compiled by Crunchbase, global venture funding in 2022 totaled $445 billion — 35% lower as compared to 2021, but $100 billion more than invested in 2020. Regionally, the U.S. secures most of this investment at nearly 50%, followed by China (10%), the U.K. (6%), and India (5%) based on Dealroom data.

Some entrepreneurs may think that they need to be in the United States because of the amount of investment money here, but we’re seeing more money flow to other regions as well. Today, there are lots of options for entrepreneurs globally. Often, students I worked with at MIT realized they needed more time to get the required product fit and build the company with customer feedback. The growth of accelerators worldwide provides options if they decide to leave the U.S. and grow their companies in another part of the world – whether it is their home country or a region that is a good launching pad for their product or service. This growth of accelerators, government support, and growing entrepreneurial communities worldwide can provide entrepreneurs with this needed support.

Diversity, thought leadership, and collaboration all work together to make the global ecosystem of entrepreneurs a much richer place. I hope that the information I’ve collected about entrepreneurship around the world and how different countries support their entrepreneurs is helpful in your pursuits.

As a note, this ebook is NOT meant to be comprehensive – it is more of a directional guide. It does not cover all regions or all countries in any region. I also realize that entrepreneurial ecosystems are continuously evolving, so new information will always be coming to light. To that end, I’ve published this ebook under a Creative Commons license – I am open to other contributors who want to add to this resource from here – please feel free to reach out.

Take the Next Step to Entrepreneurship

If you are a student, an entrepreneur, an entrepreneur-to-be, or you work in an accelerator or government that is working to encourage entrepreneurship, I hope this ebook provides you with insight and resources to explore entrepreneurship further in a global sense!

Download the PDF ebook:

 An Introduction to Start-Up Accelerator Programs around the World

This free ebook was designed to be shared – you don’t even need to fill out any forms to gain access.